A Virtual Reality Platform for Context-Dependent Cognitive Research in Rodents / 神经科学通报·英文版

Animal survival necessitates adaptive behaviors in volatile environmental contexts. Virtual reality (VR) technology is instrumental to study the neural mechanisms underlying behaviors modulated by environmental context by simulating the real world with maximized control of contextual elements. Yet current VR tools for rodents have limited flexibility and performance (e.g., frame rate) for context-dependent cognitive research. Here, we describe a high-performance VR platform with which to study contextual behaviors immersed in editable virtual contexts. This platform was assembled from modular hardware and custom-written software with flexibility and upgradability. Using this platform, we trained mice to perform context-dependent cognitive tasks with rules ranging from discrimination to delayed-sample-to-match while recording from thousands of hippocampal place cells. By precise manipulations of context elements, we found that the context recognition was intact with partial context elements, but impaired by exchanges of context elements. Collectively, our work establishes a configurable VR platform with which to investigate context-dependent cognition with large-scale neural recording.

A multimodal medical image contrastive learning algorithm with domain adaptive denormalization / 生物医学工程学杂志

Recently, deep learning has achieved impressive results in medical image tasks. However, this method usually requires large-scale annotated data, and medical images are expensive to annotate, so it is a challenge to learn efficiently from the limited annotated data. Currently, the two commonly used methods are transfer learning and self-supervised learning. However, these two methods have been little studied in multimodal medical images, so this study proposes a contrastive learning method for multimodal medical images. The method takes images of different modalities of the same patient as positive samples, which effectively increases the number of positive samples in the training process and helps the model to fully learn the similarities and differences of lesions on images of different modalities, thus improving the model's understanding of medical images and diagnostic accuracy. The commonly used data augmentation methods are not suitable for multimodal images, so this paper proposes a domain adaptive denormalization method to transform the source domain images with the help of statistical information of the target domain. In this study, the method is validated with two different multimodal medical image classification tasks: in the microvascular infiltration recognition task, the method achieves an accuracy of (74.79 ± 0.74)% and an F1 score of (78.37 ± 1.94)%, which are improved as compared with other conventional learning methods; for the brain tumor pathology grading task, the method also achieves significant improvements. The results show that the method achieves good results on multimodal medical images and can provide a reference solution for pre-training multimodal medical images.

A method of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph / 生物医学工程学杂志

The causes of mental disorders are complex, and early recognition and early intervention are recognized as effective way to avoid irreversible brain damage over time. The existing computer-aided recognition methods mostly focus on multimodal data fusion, ignoring the asynchronous acquisition problem of multimodal data. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph (VG) to solve the problem of asynchronous data acquisition. First, time series electroencephalograms (EEG) data are mapped to spatial visibility graph. Then, an improved auto regressive model is used to accurately calculate the temporal EEG data features, and reasonably select the spatial metric features by analyzing the spatiotemporal mapping relationship. Finally, on the basis of spatiotemporal information complementarity, different contribution coefficients are assigned to each spatiotemporal feature and to explore the maximum potential of feature so as to make decisions. The results of controlled experiments show that the method in this paper can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of mental disorders. Taking Alzheimer's disease and depression as examples, the highest recognition rates are 93.73% and 90.35%, respectively. In summary, the results of this paper provide an effective computer-aided tool for rapid clinical diagnosis of mental disorders.

A multi-behavior recognition method for macaques based on improved SlowFast network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Macaque is a common animal model in drug safety assessment. Its behavior reflects its health condition before and after drug administration, which can effectively reveal the side effects of drugs. At present, researchers usually rely on artificial methods to observe the behavior of macaque, which cannot achieve uninterrupted 24-hour monitoring. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a system to realize 24-hour observation and recognition of macaque behavior. In order to solve this problem, this paper constructs a video dataset containing nine kinds of macaque behaviors (MBVD-9), and proposes a network called Transformer-augmented SlowFast for macaque behavior recognition (TAS-MBR) based on this dataset. Specifically, the TAS-MBR network converts the red, green and blue (RGB) color mode frame input by its fast branches into residual frames on the basis of SlowFast network and introduces the Transformer module after the convolution operation to obtain sports information more effectively. The results show that the average classification accuracy of TAS-MBR network for macaque behavior is 94.53%, which is significantly improved compared with the original SlowFast network, proving the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in macaque behavior recognition. This work provides a new idea for the continuous observation and recognition of the behavior of macaque, and lays the technical foundation for the calculation of monkey behaviors before and after medication in drug safety evaluation.

Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface / 生物医学工程学杂志

For the detection and identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface, a microwave sensor structure loaded with a spiral resonator is proposed in this paper, a sensor simulation model is established using HFSS software, the structural parameters are optimized, and the actual sensor is fabricated. The S21 parameters of the tissue were obtained when nodules appeared by simulation, and the characteristic relationship between the difference of S21 parameters with position was analyzed and tested experimentally. The results showed that when nodules were present in normal tissues, the curve of S21 parameter difference with position change had obvious inverted bimodal characteristics, and the extreme value of S21 parameter difference appeared when the sensor was directly above the nodules, which was easy to identify the position of nodules. It provides an objective detection tool for the identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface.

Evidências de validade do teste informatizado para avaliação das funções executivas / Evidence of validity of the computerized test for evaluating executive functions / Evidencia de validez de la prueba computarizada para evaluación de funciones ejecutivas

Funções executivas (FE) referem-se ao conjunto de habilidades que, de forma integrada, coordenam o comportamento e a cognição. Assim, o comprometimento no desenvolvimento das FE está ligado a vários desfechos negativos ao longo da vida. Portanto, a avaliação dessas habilidades na infância é essencial para identificar e prevenir prejuízos na vida adulta. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar evidências de validade do Teste Informatizado para Avaliação das Funções Executivas (Tafe) pelo critério de idade e pelo padrão de correlação entre medidas do TAFE e outras medidas de FE. Para isso, foi utilizada uma amostra de 51 crianças, entre 4 e 10 anos de idade, matriculadas em uma escola privada na cidade de Goiânia (GO), da pré-escola ao 4º ano do ensino fundamental. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados, além do Tafe, as tarefas de Bloco de Corsi, Teste de Trilhas A e B, Teste de Trilhas Pré-Escolares, Teste de Stroop Pré-Escolares e Subteste Dígitos da Escala Wechsler de Inteligência. Foram conduzidas análises estatísticas Kruskal Wallis para verificar a evidência de validade por relação com idade e análises de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman para avaliar as evidências de validade convergente. O instrumento investigado mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar entre as diferentes faixas etárias, assim, sensível ao desenvolvimento das FE. Os resultados obtidos no Tafe correlacionaram-se aos obtidos em outros testes que também avaliaram FE, mostrando claros padrões de convergência. Logo, as análises dos resultados fornecem evidências de validade ao Tafe, derivadas a partir de diferentes estratégias de investigação.(AU)

Executive functions (EF) refer to the set of skills that, in an integrated way, coordinate behavior and cognition. Thus, the commitment in developing EF is linked to several negative outcomes throughout life. Therefore, the assessment of these abilities in childhood is essential to identify and prevent possible harm in adult life. This study aimed to investigate evidences of validity of the Computerized Test for Evaluation of Executive Functions (TAFE) by the age criterion and by the pattern of correlation between TAFE measures and other EF measures. To this end, a sample of 51 children, between 4 and 10 years old, enrolled in a private school in the municipality of Goiânia (GO), from preschool to the 4th year of elementary school, was used. As instruments, in addition to TAFE, the tasks of Corsi Block, Trails Test A and B, Preschool Trails Test, Preschool Stroop Test and the Digits Subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used. Kruskal Wallis statistical analyzes were conducted to verify the evidence of validity by age criteria and Spearman's nonparametric correlation analysis to assess evidence of convergent validation. The instrument investigated was effective to discriminate between different age groups, thus being sensitive to the development of EF. The results obtained in TAFE were correlated with those obtained in other tests that also assess FE, showing patterns of convergence. Therefore, the analysis of the results provides validation evidence to TAFE, derived from different investigation methods.(AU)

Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) se refieren al conjunto de habilidades que coordinan la conducta y la cognición. Así, el deterioro en el desarrollo de FE está relacionado con varios resultados negativos durante la vida. Por tanto, la valoración de estas habilidades en la infancia es fundamental para identificar y prevenir posibles daños en la vida adulta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la evidencia de validez de la Prueba Computarizada para Evaluación de Funciones Ejecutivas (Tafe) por el criterio de edad y convergencia entre las medidas Tafe y otras medidas de FE. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 51 niños, de entre 4 y 10 años de edad, matriculados en un colegio privado de Goiânia (Goiás, Brasil) desde la preescolar hasta 4.º de primaria. Como instrumentos, además del Tafe, se utilizaron las tareas de Bloque de Corsi, el Test de los senderos A y B, el Test de los Senderos Preescolares, el Test de Stroop Preescolar y la Subprueba de Dígitos de la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de Kruskal Wallis para verificar la validez por criterios de edad y análisis de correlación no-paramétrica de Spearman para evaluar la evidencia de validez convergente. Tafe demostró ser efectivo para discriminar entre diferentes grupos de edad, así es sensible al desarrollo de FE. Los resultados en Tafe se correlacionaron con los obtenidos en otras pruebas de FE, lo que muestra claros patrones de convergencia. Por tanto, el análisis aporta evidencias de validez para Tafe, derivadas de diferentes estrategias de investigación.(AU)

Efeitos do alinhamento justo e similaridade de rostos no reconhecimento de pessoas / Effects of a fair lineup and face similarity similarity in eyewitness identification / Efectos de la alineación justa y similitud facial en el reconocimiento de personas

Um falso reconhecimento de uma pessoa pode levar à condenação de um inocente. Um método efetivo de diminuir o falso reconhecimento é por meio do alinhamento, procedimento no qual o suspeito é apresentado em conjunto com outras pessoas - fillers (não suspeitos similares ao suspeito). Em um experimento foi comparado o desempenho de testemunhas em alinhamentos nos quais fillers apresentavam moderada ou alta similaridade em relação ao suspeito. Independentemente do grau de similaridade, suspeitos foram identificados com maior frequência que suspeitos inocentes e do que fillers, e fillers foram reconhecidos em maior frequência do que suspeitos inocentes. A similaridade entre fillers e suspeito não teve efeito na probabilidade de reconhecimento do suspeito, seja ele culpado ou inocente. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de teorias acerca do efeito de similaridade de fillers e implicações dos resultados para o sistema de justiça brasileiro (AU).

Faulty witness identification can lead to the conviction of an innocent person. An effective method to reduce misidentification is using a lineup, a procedure in which the suspect is presented among "fillers" (non-suspects similar to the suspect). In an experiment, we compared the responses of eyewitnesses in lineups where fillers had moderate or high similarity to the suspect. Regardless of the degree of similarity, guilty suspects were identified more often than innocent suspects and fillers, and fillers were identified more often than innocent suspects. The similarity between fillers and suspect did not affect the probability of suspect recognition, whether the suspect was guilty or innocent. The results are discussed in the light of theories about the similarity effect of fillers, and implications for the Brazilian justice system (AU).

Un reconocimiento falso de una persona puede conducir a la condena de un inocente. Un método eficaz para reducir el reconocimiento falso es la alineación, un procedimiento en el que el sospechoso se presenta junto con otras personas - fillers (no sospechosos similares al sospechoso). En un experimento se compara el rendimiento de los testigos en alineaciones en las que los fillers tenían una similitud moderada o alta con el sospechoso. Los resultados mostraron que, independientemente del grado de similitud, en una alineación justa, los sospechosos culpables son más propensos a ser identificados que los inocentes y que los fillers, y cuando el sospechoso es inocente, los fillers tienen más probabilidades de ser reconocidos. La similitud entre filler y sospechoso no tuvo efecto sobre la probabilidad de reconocimiento del sospechoso, tanto si era culpable o inocente. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de las teorías sobre el efecto de similitud de los rellenos y las implicaciones de los resultados para el sistema judicial brasileño (AU).

An improved Vision Transformer model for the recognition of blood cells / 生物医学工程学杂志

Leukemia is a common, multiple and dangerous blood disease, whose early diagnosis and treatment are very important. At present, the diagnosis of leukemia heavily relies on morphological examination of blood cell images by pathologists, which is tedious and time-consuming. Meanwhile, the diagnostic results are highly subjective, which may lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. To address the gap above, we proposed an improved Vision Transformer model for blood cell recognition. First, a faster R-CNN network was used to locate and extract individual blood cell slices from original images. Then, we split the single-cell image into multiple image patches and put them into the encoder layer for feature extraction. Based on the self-attention mechanism of the Transformer, we proposed a sparse attention module which could focus on the discriminative parts of blood cell images and improve the fine-grained feature representation ability of the model. Finally, a contrastive loss function was adopted to further increase the inter-class difference and intra-class consistency of the extracted features. Experimental results showed that the proposed module outperformed the other approaches and significantly improved the accuracy to 91.96% on the Munich single-cell morphological dataset of leukocytes, which is expected to provide a reference for physicians' clinical diagnosis.

Recognition of infants at high risk for vertical HIV transmission at delivery in rural Western Cape Province, South Africa

Despite South Africa's substantial reduction in vertical HIV transmission (VHT), national paediatric HIV elimination is not yet attained. National and Western Cape Province (WC) HIV guidelines recommend enhanced postnatal prophylaxis for infants at high risk for VHT, identified in the WC 2015/2016 guidelines by any single high-risk criterion (maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) <12 weeks, absent/ unsuppressed maternal HIV viral load (HIV-VL) <12 weeks before/including delivery, spontaneous preterm labour, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis). Accuracy of high-risk infant identification is unknown. Objectives. Primarily, to determine the proportion of infants at high risk for VHT, the accuracy of labour-ward risk classification, the criteria determining high-risk statuses and the criteria missed among unrecognised high-risk infants; secondarily, to determine maternal factors associated with high-risk infants. Methods. Infants born to women living with HIV at a rural regional hospital (May 2016 - April 2017) were retrospectively evaluated using data from the labour ward VHT register, standardised maternity case records, National Health Laboratory Service database and WC Provincial Health Data Centre. The study-derived risk status for each infant was determined using documented presence/absence of risk criteria and compared with labour ward assigned risk to determine accuracy. Proportions of high-risk and unrecognised high-risk infants with each high-risk criterion were determined. Maternal characteristics associated with having a high-risk infant were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results. For liveborn infants, labour ward assigned risk classifications were 40% (n=75/188) high risk, 50% (n=94/188) low risk and 10% (n=19/188) unclassified. Study-derived risk was high risk for 69% (n=129/188) and low risk for 31% (n=59/188), yielding a high-risk classification sensitivity of 51% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42 - 60) and specificity of 69% (95% CI 56 - 80). Absent/unsuppressed HIVVL <12 weeks before delivery accounted for 83% (n=119/143) of study-derived high-risk exposures and 81% (n=60/74) of missed high-risk exposures. Fewer mothers of high-risk infants had >4 antenatal visits (38% v. 81%, p<0.01) and first antenatal visit <20 weeks' gestation (57% v. 77%, p=0.01). Only the number of antenatal visits remained associated with having a high-risk infant after adjusting for gestation at first visit and timing of HIV diagnosis and ART initiation: each additional antenatal visit conferred a 39% (95% CI 25 - 50) reduction in the odds of having a high-risk infant. Conclusion. Labour ward risk classification failed to recognise half of high-risk infants. Infant high-risk status as well as non-detection thereof were driven by suboptimal maternal HIV-VL monitoring. Reinforcing visit frequency later in pregnancy may improve antenatal HIV-VL monitoring, and point-of-care HIV-VL monitoring at delivery could improve recognition of virally unsuppressed mothers and their high-risk infants

Research on muscle fatigue recognition model based on improved wavelet denoising and long short-term memory / 生物医学工程学杂志

The automatic recognition technology of muscle fatigue has widespread application in the field of kinesiology and rehabilitation medicine. In this paper, we used surface electromyography (sEMG) to study the recognition of leg muscle fatigue during circuit resistance training. The purpose of this study was to solve the problem that the sEMG signals have a lot of noise interference and the recognition accuracy of the existing muscle fatigue recognition model is not high enough. First, we proposed an improved wavelet threshold function denoising algorithm to denoise the sEMG signal. Then, we build a muscle fatigue state recognition model based on long short-term memory (LSTM), and used the Holdout method to evaluate the performance of the model. Finally, the denoising effect of the improved wavelet threshold function denoising method proposed in this paper was compared with the denoising effect of the traditional wavelet threshold denoising method. We compared the performance of the proposed muscle fatigue recognition model with that of particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN). The results showed that the new wavelet threshold function had better denoising performance than hard and soft threshold functions. The accuracy of LSTM network model in identifying muscle fatigue was 4.89% and 2.47% higher than that of PSO-SVM and CNN, respectively. The sEMG signal denoising method and muscle fatigue recognition model proposed in this paper have important implications for monitoring muscle fatigue during rehabilitation training and exercise.

Research on depression recognition based on brain function network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Traditional depression research based on electroencephalogram (EEG) regards electrodes as isolated nodes and ignores the correlation between them. So it is difficult to discover abnormal brain topology alters in patients with depression. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a framework for depression recognition based on brain function network (BFN). To avoid the volume conductor effect, the phase lag index is used to construct BFN. BFN indexes closely related to the characteristics of "small world" and specific brain regions of minimum spanning tree were selected based on the information complementarity of weighted and binary BFN and then potential biomarkers of depression recognition are found based on the progressive index analysis strategy. The resting state EEG data of 48 subjects was used to verify this scheme. The results showed that the synchronization between groups was significantly changed in the left temporal, right parietal occipital and right frontal, the shortest path length and clustering coefficient of weighted BFN, the leaf scores of left temporal and right frontal and the diameter of right parietal occipital of binary BFN were correlated with patient health questionnaire 9-items (PHQ-9), and the highest recognition rate was 94.11%. In addition, the study found that compared with healthy controls, the information processing ability of patients with depression reduced significantly. The results of this study provide a new idea for the construction and analysis of BFN and a new method for exploring the potential markers of depression recognition.

Eyes do not lie: investigation of the effectiveness of outdoor advertising instruments: an applied neuromarketing research with eye-tracking technique / Los ojos no mienten: investigación de la eficacia de los instrumentos de publicidad exterior: una investigación de neuromarketing aplicada con la técnica de seguimiento ocular / Olhos não mentem: investigação da efetividade de instrumentos de propaganda ao ar livre (outdoor): uma pesquisa de neuromarketing aplicada com a técnica do rastreamento do olhar (eye-tracking)

Abstract Traditional techniques of market research and information gathering to meet business needs fail because they cannot always produce the desired results. This has necessitated the use of new techniques and methods for gathering information. Companies frequently resort to advertising activities for the promotion of a new product or to increase sales of an existing product and want to be compensated for the expenses incurred in these activities. It is necessary to measure the effectiveness of advertising in order to know how the response to the advertisement is after its publication. A questionnaire and an eye tracker were applied to 32 participants to investigate the communication effectiveness of 25 outdoor advertisements. As a result, it is obtained that the survey method is not fully sufficient to provide the real data needed by the company. The recognition method reflects the truth: real data can be obtained from the participants with the neuromarketing method and it has been determined that the company can achieve the real data it needs.

Resumen Las técnicas tradicionales de investigación de mercado y recopilación de información para satisfacer las necesidades de las empresas fracasan, porque no siempre pueden producir los resultados deseados. Ello ha hecho necesario el uso de nuevas técnicas y métodos para recoger la información. Las empresas recurren con frecuencia a actividades publicitarias para la promoción de un nuevo producto o para aumentar las ventas de un producto ya existente y quieren que se les compense por los gastos realizados en estas actividades. Es necesario medir la eficacia de la publicidad para saber cómo es la respuesta al anuncio después de su publicación. Se aplicó un cuestionario y un rastreador ocular a 32 participantes para investigar la eficacia de la comunicación de 25 anuncios en exteriores. Como resultado, se obtiene que el método de encuesta no es totalmente suficiente para proporcionar los datos reales que necesita la empresa. El método de reconocimiento refleja la verdad: se puede obtener datos reales de los participantes con el método de neuromarketing y se ha determinado que la empresa puede alcanzar los datos reales que necesita.

Resumo As técnicas tradicionais de pesquisa de mercado e coleta de informações para atender às necessidades comerciais fracassam porque nem sempre podem produzir os resultados desejados. Isto exigiu o uso de novas técnicas e métodos para a coleta de informações. As empresas freqüentemente recorrem a atividades publicitárias para a promoção de um novo produto ou para aumentar as vendas de um produto existente e querem ser compensadas pelas despesas incorridas nessas atividades. É necessário medir a eficácia da publicidade a fim de saber como é a resposta ao anúncio após sua publicação. Um questionário e um rastreador de olhos foram aplicados a 32 participantes para investigar a eficácia da comunicação de 25 anúncios ao ar livre. Como resultado, obtém-se que o método de pesquisa não é totalmente suficiente para fornecer os dados reais necessários para a empresa. O método de reconhecimento reflete a verdade: dados reais podem ser obtidos dos participantes com o método de neuromarketing e foi determinado que a empresa pode obter os dados reais de que necessita.

Concepções sobre saúde mental infantojuvenil de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Family health strategy nurses'conceptions of child-adolescent mental health / Concepciones sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes de las enfermerías de la estrategia de salud familiar

Visando analisar as concepções sobre a saúde mental infantojuvenil de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, este estudo, de natureza descritivo qualitativa, foi realizado com 47 enfermeiras, nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa PB, e partiu dos pressupostos das Políticas Públicas de Atenção à Saúde Mental para crianças e adol escentes Para coletar os dados utilizaram se um questionário sociodemográfico e entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas por meio da Análise Categorial Temática de Bardin, das quais emergiram uma classe temática, três categorias e sete subcategorias. Os resultados apontaram que as concepções sobre a SMI se pautam no modelo biomédico, sem ênfase na promoção da saúde e com pouca especificidade e familiaridade com questões relativas à saúde mental dessa população.

In order to analyze Family Health Strategy nurses' conceptions of child adolescent mental health, this descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 47 nurses, in the Family Health Units of João Pessoa PB, and started from the assumptions of the Public Policies of Mental Health Care for children and adolescents. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which captured the sociodemographic data, and semi structured interviews were analyzed through Bardin's Thematic Categorical Analysis, which originated a thematic class, three categories and seven subcategories. The results showed that the conceptions a re based on the biomedical model, with no emphasis on health promotion and with little specificity and familiarity with issues related to the mental healt h of this population.

Con el fin de analizar las concepciones sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes en las enfermer í as de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, este estudio descriptivo cualitativo se llevó a cabo con 47 enfermeras, en Unidades de Salud Familiar de Joao Pesso a PB, a partir de los supuestos de las Políticas Públicas de Atención de Salud Mental para niños y adolescentes. Para recopilar los datos, se utilizó un cuestionario, que capturó los datos sociodemográficos, y entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizadas a tr avés del Análisis Categórico Temático de Bardin, de la que surgieron una clase temática, tres categorías y siete subcategorías. Los resultados mostraron que las concepciones sobre SMNA se basan en el modelo biomédico, sin énfasis en la promoción de la salu d y con poca especificidad y familiaridad con los temas relacionados con la salud mental de esta población.

Audio-visual Emotion Regulation System Based on TGAM Module / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Based on the TGAM PCB module, a system of emotion control using audio-visual feedback is designed.@*METHODS@#TGAM collects EEG information through the electrode in contact with the forehead skin. The system analyzes the user's emotion through the STM32F103ZET6 of the main control chip, and finally controls the control end of the system to regulate the user's emotion.@*RESULTS@#It can be seen from the test results that the system can precisely recognize the user's emotions, and at the same time effectively adjust the user's emotions from both audio-visual aspects.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The system has high recognition accuracy and good adjustment effect.

La perspectiva de la dominación en psicoanálisis según Jessica Benjamin / The perspective of domination in psychoanalysis according to Jessica Benjamin

El propósito de este escrito es realizar una breve exposición sobre la relación que tiene el psicoanálisis con la problemática de la dominación según Jessica Benjamin. Refiere que el psicoanálisis revela mediante sus modelos del psiquismo, la formación sedimentada de la dominación como constitutiva del sujeto en la cultura occidental. La organización de esta exposición consiste en: 1) Mostrar la temática de la teoría del reconocimiento y la intersubjetividad, 2) Las relaciones de dominación y sumisión mediante el análisis de las fantasías sadomasoquistas, 3) La revelación del modelo dualista que pauta el desarrollo psicológico entre dos alternativas de elección de género, 4) Para la conclusión identificar para futuros desarrollos en la temática generada entre las relaciones sujeto/objeto y sujeto/sujeto

The purpose of this writing is to realize a brief exposition about the relation that has psychoanalysis with the problem of domination. Because according to the author psychoanalysis reveals with psychic models, of the rooted formation of domination as constitutive of the subject in occidental culture. The exposition consists of a organized points planned out in: 1) Showing the theory of recognition of recognition and intersubjectivity, 2) The relations of domination and submission thought de analysis of sadomasoquistic fantasies, 3) For conclusion identify for future developments in the thematic generated because of the problematic between the relations subject/object and subject/subject

A questão social na psicologia social: uma revisão da literatura / The social question in social psychology: a literature review / La cuestión social en la psicología social: una revisión de la literatura

Resumo Este estudo visou analisar como a questão social (QS) comparece nas produções da Psicologia Social (PS) brasileira. Foi conduzida uma revisão narrativa da literatura com buscas não sistemáticas de artigos, livros e produções acadêmicas em geral que abordassem a QS no contexto brasileiro, a partir dos diversos referenciais teóricos da PS brasileira. Foi constatada uma abordagem à QS aquém da sua imanência e relevância na constituição de nossa realidade, tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativamente, atravessada pelos seguintes fatores: uma transversalização da QS, com sua dissolução em problemas sociais supostamente autônomos que, na verdade, são suas variadas manifestações; polissemia do conceito conjugada a diferentes sentidos e formas de abordagem e suas consequências (individualização, subjetivação, responsabilização dos indivíduos etc.); ou até mesmo um desconhecimento de sua existência por grande parte da PS brasileira como conceito analítico que expressa a realidade. Há, portanto, a necessidade de maior incorporação da QS, suas expressões e mediações como objeto de estudo e atuação na/da PS reverberando nas epistemes e nos métodos que visam garantir à PS uma compreensão da realidade na qual se debruça e visa intervir.

Abstract This study analyzed how the Social Question (SQ) appears in the productions of Brazilian Social Psychology (SP). A narrative review of the literature with non-systematic searches of articles, books and academic productions in general that approached SQ in the Brazilian context was conducted based on the various theoretical references of the Brazilian PS. The approach to SQ was underscored by its immanence and relevance in the constitution of our reality, both quantitatively and qualitatively, traversed by the following factors: (a) transversalization of SQ with its dissolution in supposedly autonomous social problems that are, in fact, its various manifestations; (b) polysemy of the concept coupled with different meanings and forms of approach and their consequences (individualization, subjectivation, individual responsabilization, etc.); (c) or even a lack of familiarity of a large part of the Brazilian SP with it as an analytical concept that expresses reality. There is, therefore, a need for greater incorporation of SQ, its expressions and mediations as object of study and practice in the SP reverberating in the epistemes and methods that serve to ensure to the SP an understanding of reality that is focused and aims to intervene.

Resumen El presente estudio objetivó analizar cómo la cuestión social (CS) se presenta en las producciones de la Psicología Social (PS) brasileña. Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con búsquedas no sistemáticas de artículos, libros y producciones académicas en general que abordaran la CS en el contexto brasileño, a partir de los diversos referenciales teóricos de la PS inmanencia y relevancia en la constitución de nuestra realidad, tanto cuantitativa como brasileña. Se constató un abordaje a la CS por debajo de su cualitativamente, atravesada por los siguientes factores: una transversalización de la CS, con su disolución en problemas sociales supuestamente autónomos que son, en realidad, sus variadas manifestaciones; polisemia del concepto conjugada a diferentes sentidos y formas de abordaje y sus consecuencias (individualización, subjetivación, responsabilización de los sujetos, etc.); o un desconocimiento de su existencia por gran parte de la PS brasileña como concepto analítico que expresa la realidad. Hay la necesidad de una mayor incorporación de la CS, sus expresiones y mediaciones como objeto de estudio y actuación en la PS reverberando en las epistemes y métodos que pretenden garantizar a la PS una comprensión de la realidad en la que se centra y pretende intervenir.

A face humana do herói: análise do processo saúde-doença de bombeiros a partir de comunidades virtuais / The hero's human face: analyzing firemen's health-disease process based on virtual communities / El rostro humano del héroe: análisis del proceso salud-enfermedad de bomberos a partir de comunidades virtuales

Resumo Poucos estudos na literatura nacional abordam a relação trabalho e saúde dos bombeiros militares; entre tais estudos, muitos focam apenas os indicadores patológicos e/ou consequências físicas, sem colocar em debate suas necessidades de saúde e vida no trabalho. Visando analisar essa relação em uma perspectiva ampliada e humanizada do herói, foi realizado um estudo exploratório e metodologicamente inovador em dois blogs da categoria. Desvelaram-se realidades até então invisíveis ou pouco conhecidas socialmente no tocante ao processo de trabalho do grupo investigado, como precarização das condições laborais, adoecimentos, desvios de função, humilhações e insatisfações, evidenciando a necessidade de reconhecer os bombeiros militares como trabalhadores e que carecem de condições dignas de trabalho e atenção integral à saúde, sobretudo no que diz respeito à saúde mental.(AU)

Abstract Few studies deal with military firemen's work/health relationship in national literature, among which many focus only on pathological indicators and/or physical consequences, not discussing their health and life needs at work. Aiming at analyzing this relationship under a wider, humanized perspective of heroes, an exploratory and methodologically innovative study was conducted in two industry blogs. Invisible or socially little known realities concerning the investigated group's work process were unveiled, such as precarious labor conditions, illnesses, role deviation, humiliation, and dissatisfaction. These realities show the need for acknowledging military firemen as workers who lack decent working conditions and comprehensive healthcare, particularly regarding their mental health.(AU)

Resumen Son pocos los estudios en la literatura nacional que abordan la relación trabajo y salud de los bomberos militares, entre ellos, muchos se enfocan solamente en los indicadores patológicos y/o consecuencias físicas, sin poner en debate sus necesidades de salud y vida en el trabajo. Con el objetivo de analizar esa relación desde una perspectiva ampliada y humanizada del héroe, se realizó un estudio exploratorio y metodológicamente innovador en dos blogs de la categoría. Se revelaron realidades hasta entonces invisibles o poco conocidas socialmente en lo que se refiere al proceso de trabajo del grupo investigado, tales como la precarización de las condiciones laborales, enfermedades, desviaciones de función, humillaciones e insatisfacciones, poniendo en evidencia la necesidad de reconocer a los bomberos militares como trabajadores y que carecen de condiciones dignas de trabajo y de atención integral de la salud, principalmente en lo que se refiere a la salud mental.(AU)

Internet Addiction Among Iranian Students of Medical Sciences

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and associated factors among Iranian medical students. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 400 students. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of two sections: the first section was sociodemographic data, data about student's relations, and Internet use characteristics; the second part aimed at assessment of the level of IA using Young's 20-item scale for IA. Data analyzed in SPSS 20 at 0.05 significant level. Results: Considering their familiarity with the Internet, 80.3% stated personal experience and 12.3% individuals stated educational periods held outside the university. The most locations of using the Internet were dormitories (21.0%) and houses (43.5%). Concerning hours of Internet use, 45.2% used the Internet more than two hours per day. One hundred sixty-eight individuals (42.0%) stated that they used the Internet less than 15% for university activities. One hundred eighty-eight individuals (47.0%) used VPN and 75.5% were dissatisfied with Internet speed 61.2%. A total of 64.3% had a poor dependency on the Internet and the prevalence of IA was 3.5%. The mean score of IA questionnaire was 43.98 ± 15.92 from 125. The mean score of IA was higher in the male sex, but there was no significant correlation between sex and IA (p>0.05). There was not a significant correlation between the field of study and the year of entrance. Conclusion: The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students was low. Identification of factors associated with IA can help in the planning of preventive programs to raise students' knowledge about the hazards IA.

Evidência de validade da Escala Brasileira de Gratidão (B-GRAT) na psicologia positiva / Evidence of validity of Brazilian Scale of Gratitude (B-GRAT), in positive psychology / Evidencia de validez de la Escala Brasileña de Gratitud (B-GRAT), en psicología positiva

Gratidão é um estado mental positivo de agradecimento por experiências de vida, adversas ou de risco, vinculadas à memória das lembranças afetivas que aumentam o bem-estar subjetivo. Foi desenvolvida uma escala brasileira com o objetivo de mensurar o construto da gratidão, definida para esta pesquisa. A escala original com 13 itens, construída e revisada com base nos padrões internacionais, foi preenchida por 762 participantes (625 mulheres, 82%; 137 homens), entre 18 e 90 anos, M = 41, DP = 13. A análise fatorial exploratória extraiu sete itens com estrutura interna unidimensional, resultando na Escala Brasileira de Gratidão (B-GRAT). A análise fatorial confirmatória, pela matriz de correlações policóricas demonstrou índice adequado para o modelo testado e consistência interna de a = 0,84. Foi testada a correlação de Pearson com a Escala de Esperança Disposicional. Os resultados indicam evidência da adequação psicométrica da B-GRAT na avaliação da gratidão no Brasil. (AU)

Gratitude is a positive mental state of gratefulness for adverse or risky life experiences related to affective memories that improve the subjective well-being. A new scale was developed aiming to produce an instrument for the assessment of gratitude. An original pool of 13 items, constructed and reviewed using accurate standards, was responded to by 762 participants (242 females, 72.5%; 88 males), aged 18-90 years, M = 41, SD = 13. An Exploratory Factor Analysis concluded with the selection of 7 items that presented an internal unidimensional structure, resulting in the Brazilian scale of Gratitude (B-GRAT). Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the polychoric correlations matrix showed an adequate fit of the model and an internal consistency de α = 0.84. The concurrent validity with the Hope Index Scale was checked by means of Pearson's correlation. The results indicate evidence that the B-GRAT is psychometrically adequate to assess gratitude in Brazil. (AU)

La gratitud es un estado mental positivo de agradecimiento por las experiencias de la vida, adversas o arriesgadas, relacionadas con la memoria afectiva que aumentan el bienestar subjetivo. Se desarrolló una escala brasileña con el propósito de medir el constructo de gratitud, definido para esta investigación. La escala original con 13 ítems, construida y revisada según los estándares internacionales, fue completada por 762 participantes (625 mujeres, 82%, 137 hombres), entre 18 y 90 años, M = 41, DS = 13. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló 7 ítems con una estructura interna unidimensional, lo que resultó en la Escala de Gratitud Brasileña (B-GRAT). El análisis factorial confirmatorio, por la matriz de correlaciones policóricas, presentó un índice adecuado para el modelo probado y una consistencia interna de α= 0.84. La correlación de Pearson fue probada con la escala de esperanza disposicional. Los resultados indican evidencia de la adecuación psicométrica de B-GRAT en la evaluación de la gratitud en Brasil. (AU)

Gratidão no contexto brasileiro: mensuração e relações com personalidade e bem-estar / Gratitude in the Brazilian context: measurement and relationship with personality and well-being / Gratitud en el contexto brasileño: medición y relación con la personalidad y el bienestar

Pesquisas sobre gratidão têm se mostrado cada vez mais frequentes, sobretudo, devido às suas relações com o bem-estar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar e buscar evidências de validade para o Brasil de uma medida de gratidão, o Gratitude Questionnaire. Foram realizados procedimentos controlados de tradução e aplicou-se o instrumento em 916 adultos, média de idade de 37 anos, predominantemente com ensino superior completo. Os resultados revelaram adequação dos dados à estrutura de um fator do instrumento, com adequada consistência interna e itens altamente discriminativos. As correlações entre gratidão e demais variáveis mostraram-se de acordo com o esperado teoricamente: positivas com autoestima, otimismo, satisfação de vida e afeto positivo. A gratidão ainda explicou o bem-estar subjetivo para além dos fatores de personalidade. O instrumento mostrou satisfatórias evidências de validade no contexto brasileiro, contudo, observou-se que ele carece de itens que cubram o espectro mais alto do traço latente. (AU)

Studies on gratitude are becoming increasingly frequent, mainly because of its relationship with well-being. The aim of this study was to adapt an instrument of gratitude, the Gratitude Questionnaire, and to seek evidence of its validity for Brazil. Controlled translation procedures were performed, and the instrument was applied to 916 adults, mean age 37 years, predominantly with higher education level. The results revealed adequacy of the data for a single factor structure of the instrument, with satisfactory reliability, and highly discriminative items. The correlations between gratitude and other variables were as theoretically expected: Positive with self-esteem, optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Gratitude also explained subjective well-being beyond personality factors. The instrument showed satisfactory evidence of validity in the Brazilian context; however, it was observed that it lacks items that cover the higher spectrum of the latent trait. (AU)

Las investigaciones sobre la gratitud han sido cada vez más comunes, especialmente debido a sus relaciones con el bienestar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez de un instrumento de gratitud, el Gratitude Questionnaire, para ser utilizado en Brasil. Se realizaron procedimientos de traducción controlados y se aplicó el instrumento a 916 adultos, con una edad media de 37 años, predominantemente con un nivel de educación superior. Los resultados revelaron la adecuación de los datos a la estructura de un factor del instrumento, con confiabilidad satisfactoria e ítems altamente discriminantes. Las correlaciones entre la gratitud y las demás variables fueron las esperadas: positivas con autoestima, optimismo, satisfacción con la vida, y afecto positivo. La gratitud también explica el bienestar subjetivo más allá de los factores de personalidad. El instrumento presentó satisfactoria evidencia de validez en el contexto brasileño; sin embargo, se observó que carece de elementos que cubran el espectro más alto del rasgo latente. (AU)